⌂ Atlas ☰ Read as a page The thread: France gave up its last foothold in Italy in 1601. How did it fight its way back past Spain, and what did the Italian states pay?
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Key

Savoy Spain and the Emperor France The popes and their nephews Venice Mantua and Montferrat (the Gonzagas) bond — succession, office, alliance conflict — war, revolt, prosecution

Sources & method

  1. Franco-Savoyard War of 1600–1601 and the Treaty of Lyon (17 January 1601): Saluzzo to Savoy, Bresse, Bugey, Valromey and Gex to France — source
  2. Aldobrandini, Pietro — Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (Treccani): his legation to Lyon, the marriage and the peace — source
  3. Venetian Interdict, 1606–1607: Paul V, Donà, Sarpi, Spanish and French diplomacy, Joyeuse's settlement — source
  4. War of the Montferrat Succession, 1613–1617 — source
  5. Valtellina War, 1620–1626, the Genoa campaign of 1625 and the Treaty of Monzón — source
  6. War of the Mantuan Succession, 1628–1631: Casale, Susa, the sack of Mantua, Cherasco — source
  7. Cardinal Mazarin: the truce at Casale, 26 October 1630; the Peace of the Pyrenees — source
  8. Piedmontese Civil War, 1639–1642: Christine's regency, Prince Thomas, the siege of Turin — source
  9. Wars of Castro, 1641–1649: Urban VIII, Taddeo Barberini, Odoardo Farnese, Innocent X — source
  10. Neapolitan Republic, 1647–1648: Masaniello, Don Juan José, Guise, the French fleet of August 1648 — source
  11. Carlo II Gonzaga Nevers — Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (Treccani): the joint Spanish–Mantuan siege of Casale, October 1652 — source
  12. E. Serra, 'The Treaty of the Pyrenees, 350 Years Later', Catalan Historical Review 3 (2010): Vercelli returned to Savoy, Savoy among France's allies — source
Method. The chain of people follows a sourced account of the polity, 1600–1660; every claim the narration makes was checked against the sources above. Borders: historical-basemaps (A. Ourednik, GPL-3.0), the c.1600 snapshot, simplified — schematic, the right states in roughly the right places. Territorial changes: modern provinces (Natural Earth) or later snapshots standing in for historical ones. Portraits: each credited with its author, licence and source on the readable page. Relief: Esri World Physical Map. Narration: Azure neural voice.
A narrated polity atlas · 1600–1660

Italy, 1600–1660

France gave up its last foothold in Italy in 1601. How did it fight its way back past Spain, and what did the Italian states pay?
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or read it as a page, with still maps