Mutapa, 1600–1660 · a narrated atlas

Key

The Mutapa kings Rebel claimants Zambezi traders and settlers Portuguese crown officers Dominican friars bond — succession, office, alliance conflict — war, revolt, prosecution

Sources & method

Report of the governor-general Diogo da Cunha de Castelbranco on the silver mines of Chicova, 7 Feb 1619 (Madeira, Pereira, Ataíde, Fort São Miguel, Fonseca Pinto), in G. M. Theal, Records of South-Eastern Africa, vol. 4, pp. 147–162 — source
Letter of Diogo de Sousa de Meneses to the king, 17 Feb 1635 (Kapararidze's 1631 victory, the relief of Quelimane, Manyika, the June battle), Theal, Records, vol. 4, pp. 277–280 — source
Pedro Barreto de Rezende, revised by António Bocarro (1635): the kuruva, Jerónimo de Barros, Mavura's vassalage, the guard at his court; Friar Luís do Espírito Santo's letter of 1630 and the Advices from Goa of 1630, Theal, Records, vol. 2, pp. 414–429 — source
Siti's own testimony of his baptism as Dom Domingos, sealed 14 Aug 1652, Theal, Records, vol. 2, pp. 445–448 — source
E. Rodrigues, 'Chicova', Encyclopedia of Portuguese Expansion (the 1607 grant, the fort of 1614–16, the searches of 1633–37) — source
E. Rodrigues, biographies of the Munhumutapa rulers, The Routledge History of Monarchy, online resources (Gatsi Rusere, Kapararidze, Mavhura, Siti) — source
Mutapa Empire — Wikipedia (after S. I. G. Mudenge, A Political History of Munhumutapa, 1988, and D. N. Beach): succession, the 1629 terms, the prazos of 1634, the dispute over Siti's reign — source
Portuguese–Mutapa conflicts — Wikipedia (after M. Newitt, A History of Mozambique, 1995; P. Denis, The Dominican Friars in Southern Africa, 2016; I. Pikirayi, The Zimbabwe Culture, 2002) — source
Estêvão de Ataíde — Wikipedia (the contract of 1609, the withheld tribute, the recall) — source
The decline of the Mutapa state c.1623 — Zimbabwe Field Guide (after Mudenge and Axelson) — source

Method. The chain of people follows a sourced account of the polity, 1600–1660; every claim the narration makes was checked against the sources above. Borders: historical-basemaps (A. Ourednik, GPL-3.0), the c.1600 snapshot, simplified — schematic, the right states in roughly the right places. Territorial changes: modern provinces (Natural Earth) or later snapshots standing in for historical ones. Portraits: each credited with its author, licence and source on the readable page. Relief: Esri World Physical Map. Narration: Azure neural voice.